SCORE

LAWRENCE ROSENBLOOM

ABOUT LAWRENCE ROSENBLOOM

Lawrence Rosenbloom specializes in:

Lawrence Rosenbloom offers services:

Based on the information received from , associated with Lawrence Rosenbloom over the past .

If you are considering hiring Lawrence Rosenbloom for your home renovation project, we recommend using our bidding system to get competitive quotes.




QUALITY


Lawrence Rosenbloom has CheckPermit score of which places them above % of local contractors.
We usually recommend hiring a contractor with a rank of 75 or above.

ACTIVITY



AVERAGE PROJECT COST



PERMITS VALUATION



PROJECTS PER TOWN:



SERVICES
Find out the best time of the year to complete your project on a minimal budget.
Get several free quotes from best contractors in your area.

REQUEST A QUOTE
Explore CheckPermit
Our dataset includes 30 milion building permits across 4 million addresses in US.

We analyzed and ranked over 1 million home remodeling contractors based on official government sources.

Every contractor's rank is calculated based on official government records.
PROJECT IMAGES



RECENT PROJECTS


Content Date Cost Contractor Rank Address Contractor
SCORE
100
8214 3rd Ave Brooklyn Ny
Application is filed for minor interior renovation and change in use of first floor and new storefront and facade alteration. No plumbing or mechanical work and no structural work included in this application.
Date:  January 26, 2015
Value:   $35,139

Client: Mike Niamonitakis | Client Address: 3 85th Street Brooklyn Ny 11209 | Client Phone: (718) 833-3222 | Client Company: Epsilon Holdings Ltd | Permit type: Gen. Constr. | Permit id: 321059858
2015/01/26351391008214 3rd Ave Brooklyn NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
221 18 Merrick Boulevard Queens Ny
Herewith filed for partial demolition and change of use filed for dob denial for bsa approval of proposed maintenance of a retail store (use group 6) in an r3a zoning district is contrary to section 22- zr and the prior variance from the board of standards and appeals under cal no 25-57-bz and must be referred back to the board
Date:  June 4, 2014
Value:   $573,000

Client: Myron Berman | Client Address: 141 Eltingville Blvd Staten Island Ny 10312 | Client Phone: (212) 557-2000 | Client Company: 221-06 Merrick Blvd Associates L | Permit type: Gen. Constr. | Permit id: 420651716
2014/06/04573000100221 18 Merrick Boulevard Queens NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
75 21 31st Avenue Queens Ny
Proposed shopping center facade improvements no change in occupancy, use or egress (75-21 through 75-55 31st avenue)
Date:  August 2, 2013
Value:   $200,000

Client: Bob Machado | Client Address: 118-35 Queens Blvd Forest Hills Ny 11375 | Client Phone: (917) 686-0276 | Client Company: Allied Jackson Heights Llc | Permit type: Facade | Permit id: 420875814
2013/08/0220000010075 21 31st Avenue Queens NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
75 07 31 Avenue Queens Ny
Herewith filed for interior and exterior renovations as per the attached plans.
Date:  April 4, 2014
Value:   $200,000

Client: Bob Machado | Client Address: 118-35 Queens Boulevard Forest Hills Ny 11375 | Client Phone: (917) 686-0276 | Client Company: Allied Jackson Heights Llc | Permit type: Gen. Constr. | Permit id: 420965021
2014/04/0420000010075 07 31 Avenue Queens NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
7521 31st Avenue Queens Ny
Proposed shopping center facade improvements no change in occupancy, use or egress (75-21 through 75-55 31st avenue)
Date:  August 2, 2013
Value:   $200,000

Client: Bob Machado | Client Address: 118-35 Queens Blvd Forest Hills Ny 11375 | Client Phone: (917) 686-0276 | Client Company: Allied Jackson Heights Llc | Permit type: Facade | Permit id: 420875814
2013/08/022000001007521 31st Avenue Queens NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
7507 31 Avenue Queens Ny
Herewith filed for interior and exterior renovations as per the attached plans.
Date:  April 4, 2014
Value:   $200,000

Client: Bob Machado | Client Address: 118-35 Queens Boulevard Forest Hills Ny 11375 | Client Phone: (917) 686-0276 | Client Company: Allied Jackson Heights Llc | Permit type: Gen. Constr. | Permit id: 420965021
2014/04/042000001007507 31 Avenue Queens NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
22118 Merrick Boulevard Queens Ny
Herewith filed for partial demolition and change of use filed for dob denial for bsa approval of proposed maintenance of a retail store (use group 6) in an r3a zoning district is contrary to section 22- zr and the prior variance from the board of standards and appeals under cal no 25-57-bz and must be referred back to the board
Date:  June 4, 2014
Value:   $573,000

Client: Myron Berman | Client Address: 141 Eltingville Blvd Staten Island Ny 10312 | Client Phone: (212) 557-2000 | Client Company: 221-06 Merrick Blvd Associates L | Permit type: Gen. Constr. | Permit id: 420651716
2014/06/0457300010022118 Merrick Boulevard Queens NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
Date:  September 24, 2004

Client: Steven Eickelbeck | Client Address: 1 1 Executive Blvd Yonkes Ny 10701 | Client Phone: (914) 965-3990 | Client Company: Marine Partners Llc | Permit id: 301794155
2004/09/2401009718 Fort Hamilton Parkway Brooklyn NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
2421 Broadway Manhattan Ny
Installation of automatic fire suppression system in kitchen range hood. No change in use, egress or occupancy. Install gas shut-off valve.
Date:  December 19, 2000
Value:   $5,000

Client: Barry Levites | Client Address: 341 341 East 149th Street Bronx Ny 10451 | Client Phone: (718) 993-9060 | Client Company: Levites Realty Mgmt. Corp. | Permit id: 102944771
2000/12/1950001002421 Broadway Manhattan NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
1801 South Avenue Staten Island Ny
Interior partition modification. Installation of new storefront. No change in use, egress or occupancy. Erect temporary plywood construction fence 3 from building.
Date:  January 31, 2001
Value:   $57,000

Client: Jordan Metzger | Client Address: 152 152 West 57th Street 44th Fl. New York Ny 10019 | Client Phone: (212) 399-3100 | Client Company: Wsp Acquisition,Llc,Man. Member | Permit type: Construction | Permit id: 500455483
2001/01/31570001001801 South Avenue Staten Island NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
84 Schaffer Street Brooklyn Ny
Ps45 exterior masonry concrete walkways repair replacement filed in resp onse to violations #34241245z #34205509n
Date:  March 28, 2005
Value:   $730,161

Client: Stephen Grant | Client Address: 30 30 Thomson Avenue Long Island City Ny 11101 | Client Phone: (718) 472-8491 | Client Company: Ny School Construction Authority | Permit type: Construction | Permit id: 301213737
2005/03/2873016110084 Schaffer Street Brooklyn NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
1 Rochester Avenue Brooklyn Ny
P. S. 335k replace paving & area drains ecb #34205579z
Date:  November 17, 2004
Value:   $115,000

Client: Stephen Grant | Client Address: 30 30 Thomson Ave Long Island City Ny 11101 | Client Phone: (718) 472-8000 | Client Company: Nyc Sca | Permit type: Paving replacem | Permit id: 301213746
2004/11/171150001001 Rochester Avenue Brooklyn NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
1715 East 13 Street Brooklyn Ny
Proposed filing of builders pavement plan filed in conjunction with new building application # 301924817. Total linear feet is 213 ft, bnp 05-624.
Date:  June 13, 2006

Client: Steven Eickelbeck | Client Address: 1 1 Executive Boulevard Yonkers Ny 10701 | Client Phone: (914) 965-3990 | Client Company: Kingswood Partners, Llc | Permit type: Bpp | Permit id: 301961820
2006/06/1301001715 East 13 Street Brooklyn NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
Date:  April 5, 2004

Client: Joe Nakash | Client Address: 14 14 Broadway New York Ny 10018 | Client Phone: (212) 947-4575 | Client Company: Shore Parkway Associates C/o | Permit id: 301234625
2004/04/0501003907 Shore Parkway Brooklyn NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
2856 Steinway Street Queens Ny
Renovation of existing theatre.
Date:  April 10, 2001
Value:   $200,000

Client: Neal Pinsker | Client Address: 91 91 East Nichols Avenue Englewood Co 80112 | Client Phone: (303) 792-8264 | Client Company: United Artists Theatre Circuit | Permit type: Zoning review | Permit id: 401190723
2001/04/102000001002856 Steinway Street Queens NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
315 East 69 Street Manhattan Ny
Combination of apartment 9j k and 9l; wo rk involves non-bearing drywall partitions and doors and plumbing fixtur es. No change in use, egress or occupan y.
Date:  September 28, 2006
Value:   $40,000

Client: Joan Russo | Client Address: 211 211 East 46th Street New York Ny 10021 | Client Phone: (212) 935-7799 | Client Company: 315 East 69th Street Owners Corp | Permit type: Part | Permit id: 103366420
2006/09/2840000100315 East 69 Street Manhattan NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
42 16 Avenue Brooklyn Ny
Is223 pavement replacement, concrete ste ps repair, exterior masonry rep ir
Date:  August 29, 2005
Value:   $972,261

Client: Elan Abneri | Client Address: 30 30 Thomson Avenue Long Island City Ny 11101 | Client Phone: (718) 472-8492 | Client Company: Ny School Construction Authority | Permit type: Construction | Permit id: 301447316
2005/08/2997226110042 16 Avenue Brooklyn NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
625 Atlantic Avenue Brooklyn Ny
Herewith filing for taxi kiosk on fort greene place as per plans filed herewith. Department of transportation acceptance not required in that fort greene place has been demapped. No change in use egress or occupancy.
Date:  October 17, 2003
Value:   $10,000

Client: Robert Sanna | Client Address: 1 1 Metrotech Center North Brookyn Ny 11201 | Client Phone: (718) 923-8400 | Client Company: Atlantic Center Fort Greene Asso | Permit type: Construction | Permit id: 301649205
2003/10/1710000100625 Atlantic Avenue Brooklyn NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
275 Harlem River Park Bridge Bronx Ny
Ps229 installing roofing & accessories, install spandrel panels in exist curtain wall, minor sidewalk repair, cl adding of masonry bulkheads
Date:  February 14, 2007
Value:   $365,000

Client: George Roussey | Client Address: 30 30 Thomson Avenue Long Island City Ny 11101 | Client Phone: (718) 472-8492 | Client Company: Ny School Construction Authority | Permit type: Construction | Permit id: 200836765
2007/02/14365000100275 Harlem River Park Bridge Bronx NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
977 Fox Street Bronx Ny
Is166 asphalt pavement replacement in school yard, baseball backstop replaceme nt, concrete stair patching
Date:  May 18, 2011
Value:   $332,013

Client: George Rousey | Client Address: 30 30 Thomson Avenue Long Island City Ny 11101 | Client Phone: (718) 472-8000 | Client Company: Ny School Construction Authority | Permit type: Construction | Permit id: 201023873
2011/05/18332013100977 Fox Street Bronx NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
Date:  December 18, 2006

Client: Steven Eickelbeck | Client Address: 1 1 Executive Boulevard Yonkers Ny 10701 | Client Phone: (914) 965-3990 | Client Company: Kingswood Partners, Llc. | Permit id: 301924817
2006/12/1801001715 East 13 Street Brooklyn NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
Date:  October 25, 2012

Client: Steven Eickelbeck | Client Address: 1 1 Executive Building Yonkers Ny 10010 | Client Phone: (914) 965-3990 | Client Company: Kingswood Partners, Llc. | Permit id: 301927280
2012/10/25010016 East 15 Street Brooklyn NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
419 East 66 Street Manhattan Ny
Ps183 masonry repointing, foundation wall waterpoofing, cellar st beam f ieproofing, sidwalk hatch replacement sidewalk slab, repair of backyard areaway grating & framing, epoxy coating of oiltank rm fl
Date:  March 8, 2011
Value:   $600,000

Client: Elan Abneri | Client Address: 30 30 Thomson Avenue Long Island City Ny 11101 | Client Phone: (718) 472-8000 | Client Company: Ny School Construction Authority | Permit type: Gc | Permit id: 102385045
2011/03/08600000100419 East 66 Street Manhattan NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
2 West Street Manhattan Ny
Ps199 roof replacement, roof drains direct replacement, minor plaster re pair work
Date:  September 13, 2011
Value:   $1,050,000

Client: Elan Abneri | Client Address: 30 30 Thomson Avenue Long Island City Ny 11101 | Client Phone: (718) 472-8000 | Client Company: Ny School Construction Authority | Permit type: Gc | Permit id: 102385027
2011/09/1310500001002 West Street Manhattan NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
2837 29 Street Queens Ny
Ps17 ext masonry reapair removal of finish & installation of new stucco finish, brick repointing, brick replacement, new metal flashing, coping & gravel stop
Date:  November 20, 2007
Value:   $3,200,000

Client: Elan Abneri | Client Address: 30 30 Thomson Avenue Long Island City Ny 11101 | Client Phone: (718) 472-8000 | Client Company: Ny School Construction Authority | Permit type: Gc | Permit id: 401918341
2007/11/2032000001002837 29 Street Queens NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
Date:  June 21, 2007

Client: Christopher Gioia | Client Address: 712 712 5th Avenue New York Ny 10019 | Client Phone: (212) 993-5712 | Client Company: C.E.Flushing Llc C/o Onex | Permit id: 402191702
2007/06/2101004028 College Point Boulevard Queens NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
367 Southern Boulevard Bronx Ny
On basement,1st,2nd floors levels use ch ange to storage facility. Amendi g c. O.#37631.
Date:  April 24, 2007
Value:   $1,102,000

Client: Jack Guttman | Client Address: 9 9 Highway 36 East Hazlet Nj 07730 | Client Phone: (718) 401-4700 | Client Company: 367 Southern Partners Llc,C/o | Permit type: Gen constr | Permit id: 200654416
2007/04/241102000100367 Southern Boulevard Bronx NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
9 Rhinelander Avenue Bronx Ny
Ps 83 interior alteration of existing library & expansion into adjacent class rm & storage rm. Interior demolition of exist. Walls between exist. Library & class rm. Construction of new interiorgypsum board & metal stud partitions. Cr eate new entry area with new double doors
Date:  December 15, 2009
Value:   $24,670

Client: Ellan Abneri | Client Address: 30 30 Thomson Avenue Long Island City Ny 11101 | Client Phone: (718) 472-8000 | Client Company: Nyc Sca | Permit type: Construction | Permit id: 201022874
2009/12/15246701009 Rhinelander Avenue Bronx NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
41 Hutchinson River Parkway Bronx Ny
Ps1 repair cracks on cellar slab & walls using epoxy injection grout, recoat slab w epoxy paint, provide an acrylate resin injection waterproofing mem brane @ cellar fl slab & foundation wall juncture & @ location of existing colum n piers & footings, repair cracks & uneveness @ fl slab of gym classrm 136 w ...
Date:  May 13, 2009
Value:   $128,106

Client: Stanley Dahir | Client Address: 30 30 Thomson Avenue Long Island City Ny 11101 | Client Phone: (718) 472-8000 | Client Company: Ny School Construction Authority | Permit type: Construction | Permit id: 201022981
2009/05/1312810610041 Hutchinson River Parkway Bronx NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
Date:  October 25, 2012

Client: Steven Eickelbeck | Client Address: 1 1 Executive Building Yonkers Ny 10010 | Client Phone: (914) 965-3990 | Client Company: Kingswood Partners, Llc. | Permit id: 301927280
2012/10/25010016 East 15 Street Brooklyn NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
2239 Forest Avenue Staten Island Ny
Renovation of building including reducin g the size of the building. No change in use of building.
Date:  August 29, 2000
Value:   $3,000,000

Client: Robert Sanna | Client Address: One One Metrotech Center North Brooklyn Ny 11201 | Client Phone: (718) 722-3500 | Client Company: Fc Forest/ | Permit type: Constructin | Permit id: 500435380
2000/08/2930000001002239 Forest Avenue Staten Island NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
6817 Bay Parkway Brooklyn Ny
Renovation of existing theatre.
Date:  August 25, 2000
Value:   $200,000

Client: Neal Pinsker | Client Address: 91 91 E. Nichols Ave Englewood Co 80112 | Client Phone: (303) 792-8264 | Client Company: United Artists Theatre Circuit I | Permit type: Gc | Permit id: 301043626
2000/08/252000001006817 Bay Parkway Brooklyn NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
81 Utopia Parkway Queens Ny
Construction of temporary paring lot wit h in the st. Johns univ. Camp as indicated on plans. No change in us e egress or occupancy.
Date:  March 22, 2002
Value:   $20,000

Client: Anthony Pacheco | Client Address: 80 80 Utopia Parkway Jamaica Ny 11439 | Client Phone: (718) 990-2174 | Client Company: St.Joh University | Permit type: G. C | Permit id: 401387593
2002/03/222000010081 Utopia Parkway Queens NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
Date:  September 30, 2003

Client: Lindsay Mcgrady | Client Address: Hwy 268 Hwy 268 East-East Dock N. Wilkesboro Nc 28659 | Client Phone: (336) 658-4000 | Client Company: Lowes Home Centers | Permit id: 500594760
2003/09/3001002171 Forest Avenue Staten Island NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
Date:  August 10, 2005

Client: Steve Eickelbeck | Client Address: 1 1 Executive Blvd Yonkers Ny 10701 | Client Phone: (914) 965-3990 | Client Company: Marine Development Llc | Permit id: 301161329
2005/08/1001009718 Fort Hamilton Parkway Brooklyn NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
Date:  July 22, 2005

Client: Steve Eickelbeck | Client Address: 1 1 Executive Blvd Yonkers Ny 10701 | Client Phone: (914) 965-3990 | Client Company: Marine Development | Permit id: 301161356
2005/07/220100442 97 Street Brooklyn NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
2171 Forest Ave Staten Island Ny
Herewith submitting for full building ar chitectoral approval. The design details and notes included herein are in compliance with local law 17 95.
Date:  April 16, 2010

Client: Lindsay Mcgrady | Client Address: Highway 268 Highway 268 East East Dock N. Wilkesboro Nc 28659 | Client Phone: (336) 658-4000 | Client Company: Lowes Company Inc. | Permit type: Construction | Permit id: 500437903
2010/04/1601002171 Forest Ave Staten Island NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
15829 Jewel Avenue Queens Ny
This application is filed only to be placed on file at the county clerks office. It is filed in conjunction with nb application #401539439 and improved property application #401845802 as shown on drawings filed herewith. No change in use, egress or occupancy.
Date:  November 7, 2005
Value:   $1,000

Client: Larry Jacobson | Client Address: 158-11 158-11 Harry Van Arsdale, Jr. Av Flushing Ny 11365 | Client Phone: (718) 591-2000 | Client Company: Educational &cultural Trust Fund | Permit type: No work | Permit id: 401846712
2005/11/07100010015829 Jewel Avenue Queens NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
84 Schaeffer Street Brooklyn Ny
Ps45in conjunction w 301213737 for roof replacement
Date:  March 25, 2005
Value:   $2,400

Client: Elan Abneri | Client Address: 30 30 Thomson Avenue Long Island City Ny 11101 | Client Phone: (718) 472-8492 | Client Company: Ny School Construction Authority | Permit id: 301438843
2005/03/25240010084 Schaeffer Street Brooklyn NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
2624 Hylan Boulevard Staten Island Ny
Site work as per plans filed herewith. No change in use, egress or occupancy.
Date:  February 3, 2004
Value:   $556,000

Client: Edwin Frankel | Client Address: 747 747 Third Avenue New York Ny 10017 | Client Phone: (212) 702-8570 | Client Company: Atlantic Hylan Corp. | Permit type: Site work | Permit id: 500498455
2004/02/035560001002624 Hylan Boulevard Staten Island NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
Date:  April 5, 2006

Client: Larry Jacobson | Client Address: 158-11 158-11 Harry Van Arsdale, Jr. Av Flushing Ny 11365 | Client Phone: (718) 591-2000 | Client Company: Educational &cultural Trust Fund | Permit id: 401539439
2006/04/05010015829 Jewel Ave Queens NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
12 West 27 Street Manhattan Ny
Interior partitions in existing commerical space no change to use occupancy or egress
Date:  November 26, 2001
Value:   $30,000

Client: Salvatore De Rosa | Client Address: West 26 St Ny Ny 10010 | Client Phone: (212) 645-7575 | Client Company: Meringoff Properties | Permit type: Partition | Permit id: 102815848
2001/11/263000010012 West 27 Street Manhattan NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
10822 Queens Boulevard Queens Ny
Filing of a fire protection plan. This application is being filed in conjunction with alt. 1#40075274
Date:  April 21, 2001
Value:   $1,000

Client: Tim Tarpley | Client Address: 91 91 E.Nichols Avenue Englewood Co 80112 | Client Phone: (303) 792-8685 | Client Company: United Artists Theatres Circuit | Permit type: Fire protection | Permit id: 401056566
2001/04/21100010010822 Queens Boulevard Queens NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
Date:  April 7, 2003

Client: Linsday Mcgrady | Client Address: Highway Highway 268 East North Wilkesbor Nc 28665 | Client Phone: (336) 658-4000 | Client Company: Lowes Home Centers | Permit id: 301136447
2003/04/070100118 Second Avenue Brooklyn NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
1 Flatbush Avenue Brooklyn Ny
Removal and installation of interior partitons on the 1st floor as per plans filed herewith. No change in use, egress or occupancy.
Date:  August 22, 2000
Value:   $20,000

Client: Robert Sanna | Client Address: 1 1 Metrotech Center North Brooklyn Ny 11201 | Client Phone: (718) 722-3500 | Client Company: Fc Pacific Associates, Llc | Permit type: Gc | Permit id: 301047917
2000/08/22200001001 Flatbush Avenue Brooklyn NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
14431 91 Avenue Queens Ny
Construct 2 story and cellar addition to existing manufacturing buildi
Date:  May 11, 2006
Value:   $30,000

Client: Sol Englander | Client Address: 144-31 144-31 91st Avenue Jamaica Queens Ny 11435 | Client Phone: (718) 526-2601 | Permit type: G. C. | Permit id: 401059019
2006/05/113000010014431 91 Avenue Queens NyLawrence Rosenbloom
SCORE
100
70 Austin Street Queens Ny
Install new seats and add handicapped se ats, emergency lights and plumb ng as per plans. There is no change in u se, egress or occupancy.
Date:  April 20, 2000
Value:   $82,000

Client: Bruce Taffet | Client Address: 91 91 E.Nichols Avenue Inc. Englewood Co 80112 | Client Phone: (303) 792-8264 | Client Company: United Artists Theatre Circut, | Permit type: G. C. | Permit id: 401088602
2000/04/208200010070 Austin Street Queens NyLawrence Rosenbloom
BEST LOCAL CONTRACTORS




Contractor Rank Contractor Details Number of Projects Avg. Project Cost Years in Business Photos
Need a Contractor ?
Just fill out a form below and get several free quotes from best local contractors in your area.