Building Permits at 67 Broadway St, Asheville, NC 28801


Estimated Price

Beds

Baths

Rooms

Sq.Ft.

Built:   Lot size:   Taxed:
RENOVATION HISTORY
Based on the information received from building department, associated with 67 Broadway St, Asheville, NC 28801 over the past .

If you are considering hiring for your home renovation project, we recommend using our bidding system to get competitive quotes.

ACTIVITY



PERMITS VALUATION



RENOVATIONS
Find out the best time of the year to complete your project on a minimal budget.
Get several free quotes from best contractors in your area.

REQUEST A QUOTE
Explore CheckPermit
Our dataset includes 30 milion building permits across 4 million addresses in US.

We analyzed and ranked over 1 million home remodeling contractors based on official government sources.

Every contractor's rank is calculated based on official government records.
RECENT PROJECTS


Content Date Cost Contractor Rank Address Contractor
Date:  January 28, 2002

Permit status: Issued | Permit id: 02-00321
2002/01/2809567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
Date:  January 31, 2001

Permit status: Closed | Permit id: 00-05151
2001/01/3109567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
Date:  March 4, 2004

Permit status: Issued | Permit id: 04-00975
2004/03/0409567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
Event downtown digital to showcase of digital media artists in a drop in event april 16, 2015 5:00pm 11:00pm with sound system projector
Date:  March 26, 2015

Permit status: Plan check | Permit id: 15-03900
2015/03/2609567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
Build new ada compliant bathrooms, build walls for office, build walls for hanging art, occupancy for black mountain college museum
Date:  April 2, 2015

Permit type: Fire prevention | Permit status: Plan check | Permit id: 15-04311
2015/04/0209567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
Permit 15-04311 requires a fire construction permit for fire alarm & detection
Date:  April 6, 2015

Permit type: Fire alarm | Permit status: Submittal required | Permit id: 15-04428
2015/04/0609567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
SCORE
100
Comment date: fri aug 31 00:00: edt 2001 - lark book remodel:; comment date: tue sep 04 00:00: edt 2001 - architect has called and left message that cost is over 50% for zoning zoning permit required.
Date:  March 22, 2002
Value:   $499,144
Contractor: R And W Inc

Client: Lark Book | Permit type: Permits - historical | Permit status: Closed | Current use: Historical | Permit id: 01-03744 | Parcel: 9163
2002/03/2249914410067 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801R And W Inc
SCORE
93
Alteration with occupancy for center for craft,creativity & design with 1st floor interior remodel
Date:  January 23, 2014
Value:   $219,500

Client: Center For Craft,Creativi | Permit type: Com: remodel | Permit status: Co issued | Current use: Commercial | Permit id: 13-04156 | Parcel: 9163
2014/01/232195009367 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801Simplex Grinnell Lp Dist 213
SCORE
93
Remove old simplex panel (fire alarms) and replace with new for center for creativity, craft & design;
Date:  January 11, 2016

Permit type: Fire prevention | Permit status: Revoked | Current use: Fire | Permit id: 16-00340 | Parcel: 104629
2016/01/1109367 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801Simplex Grinnell Lp Dist 213
SCORE
99
Alteration with occupancy for center for craft,creativity & design with 1st floor interior remodel
Date:  January 23, 2014
Value:   $219,500

Client: Center For Craft,Creativi | Permit type: Com: remodel | Permit status: Co issued | Current use: Commercial | Permit id: 13-04156 | Parcel: 9163
2014/01/232195009967 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801C And S Plumbing Inc
SCORE
86
Remove and replace 2 existing banners attached to building for cccd;
Date:  August 7, 2015

Client: Cccd Properties | Permit type: Row: encroachment | Permit status: Lapsed | Current use: Right of way | Permit id: 14-13122 | Parcel: 104629
2015/08/0708667 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801Henco Reprographics
SCORE
86
Remove and replace 2 existing banners attached to building for cccd;

Client: Cccd Properties | Permit type: Fire prevention | Permit status: Finaled | Current use: Fire | Permit id: 14-13123 | Parcel: 104629
08667 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801Henco Reprographics
22, 2015 from 10am-6pm for the center for craft, creativity, and design

Client: The Center For Craft, Creativity, And Design | Permit type: Fire: operational | Permit status: Finaled | Current use: Fire | Permit id: 15-10555 | Parcel: 104629
09567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
Creating remodel permit to house master coordination of fire alarm, fire sprinkler, and plumbing work, landlord to secure permit

Permit type: Com: remodel | Permit status: Issued | Current use: Commercial | Permit id: 16-03150 | Parcel: 104629
09567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
SCORE
95
Connect power to sprinkler system compressor, connect power to exterior bell for sprinkler notification, connect power to assitional sprinkler maint. Device
Date:  May 31, 2016

Permit type: Com: electrical | Permit status: Finaled | Current use: Commercial | Permit id: 16-03392 | Parcel: 104629
2016/05/3109567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801Grigg Electric Co. Inc
SCORE
95
Alteration with occupancy for center for craft,creativity & design with 1st floor interior remodel
Date:  January 23, 2014
Value:   $219,500

Client: Center For Craft,Creativi | Permit type: Com: remodel | Permit status: Co issued | Current use: Commercial | Permit id: 13-04156 | Parcel: 9163
2014/01/232195009567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801Grigg Electric Co. Inc
SCORE
100
Alteration with occupancy for center for craft,creativity & design with 1st floor interior remodel
Date:  January 23, 2014
Value:   $219,500

Client: Center For Craft,Creativi | Permit type: Com: remodel | Permit status: Co issued | Current use: Commercial | Permit id: 13-04156 | Parcel: 9163
2014/01/2321950010067 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801Stickels Service Comp Inc
Event downtown digital to showcase of digital media artists in a drop in event april 16, 2015 5:00pm 11:00pm with sound system projector

Client: Downtown Digital | Permit type: Event-temporary use | Permit status: Expired | Current use: Event-temporary use | Permit id: 15-03900 | Parcel: 104629
09567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
SCORE
100
Reroute interior water line to reconnect to location of new service entry o building, install prv and rpz backflow preventer
Date:  August 8, 2016

Permit type: Com: plumbing | Permit status: Finaled | Current use: Commercial | Permit id: 16-03183 | Parcel: 104629
2016/08/08010067 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801Bartlett Const. And Landscaping
SCORE
100
Installing mini split system in basement space, (2) 90 btu indoor units and (1) 18,0 btu outdoor unit
Date:  March 31, 2016

Permit type: Com: mechanical | Permit status: Finaled | Current use: Commercial | Permit id: 16-03372 | Parcel: 104629
2016/03/31010067 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801A And E Mechanical Service Llc
Lark book renovations

Client: Kdh Bp#01-3744 | Permit type: Scv level i | Permit status: Closed | Current use: Site compliance verification | Permit id: 01-10000094pz
09567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
Lark book remodel:; architect has called and left message that cost is over 50% for zoning zoning permit required. Pmd; recd zoning permit application and site plans. Pmd p&z#01-1094; recd additional information;cah; issued by sb.; see comments. Primary fire district restrictions apply. ; call harry taylor for building inspection at redacted phone number all subcontractors shall contact building safety (redacted phone number) to activate electrical, plumbing & mechanical permits.; >>>>fire prevention comments<<<< inspections must be requested between 8:00am to 9:30am and 4:00pm to 4:30pm call tom eggers for fire inspection at redacted phone number minimum 2a10bc fire extinguisher; check life safety items at final inspection; emergency lighting required if open past 6 pm; call for final inspection.; amendment previous approved.; amendment previously approved. Submitted twi

Permit type: Permits - historical | Permit status: Closed | Permit id: 01-03744 | Parcel: 9163
09567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
Event downtown digital to showcase of digital media artists in a drop in event april 16, 2015 5:00pm 11:00pm with sound system projector verify fees required i have listed the minimum fee for building fire and zoning but need tohave verification if required if required will need to invoice; full price. Let me know and ill pay online. From: sheila salyer sent: thursday, march 26, 2015 1:12 pm to: nathan pennington; jon fillman; alisha carroll cc: susannah carver subject: re: private property event - downtown digital (4. 16. 15) i have created a building and fire step too. I was not sure about the fees?? From: nathan pennington sent: thursday, march 26, 2015 12:53 pm to: sheila salyer; jon fillman; alisha carroll cc: susannah carver subject: re: private property event - downtown digital (4. 16. 15) zoning is ok with jon processing this one for us. This is a unique site and this is an event sponsored by the downtown merchants association. Nathan pennington, cfm plan review coordinator (828) r

Permit type: Event-temporary use | Permit status: Expired | Permit id: 15-03900 | Parcel: 104629
09567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
Open flame for jewerly demonstration, august 14-22, 2015 from 10am-6pm for the center for craft, creativity, and design. Adc.

Permit type: Fire: operational | Permit status: Finaled | Permit id: 15-10555 | Parcel: 104629
09567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
SCORE
86
Fire prevention

Permit status: Finaled | Permit id: 14-13123 | Parcel: 104629
08667 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801Henco Reprographics
22, 2015 from 10am-6pm for the center for craft, creativity, and design
Date:  August 15, 2015

Client: The Center For Craft, Creativity, And Design | Permit type: Fire: operational | Permit status: Finaled | Current use: Fire | Permit id: 15-10555 | Parcel: 104629
2015/08/1509567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
Event downtown digital to showcase of digital media artists in a drop in event april 16, 2015 5:00pm 11:00pm with sound system projector
Date:  January 11, 2016

Client: Downtown Digital | Permit type: Event-temporary use | Permit status: Expired | Current use: Event-temporary use | Permit id: 15-03900 | Parcel: 104629
2016/01/1109567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
Creating remodel permit to house master coordination of fire alarm, fire sprinkler, and plumbing work, landlord to secure permit
Date:  February 8, 2016

Permit type: Com: remodel | Permit status: Issued | Current use: Commercial | Permit id: 16-03150 | Parcel: 104629
2016/02/0809567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
Lark book renovations
Date:  March 18, 2016

Client: Kdh Bp#01-3744 | Permit type: Scv level i | Permit status: Closed | Current use: Site compliance verification | Permit id: 01-10000094pz
2016/03/1809567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
Commercial
Date:  January 28, 2002
Value:   $1,700

Permit status: Issued | Permit id: 02-00321
2002/01/2817009567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
Historical
Date:  March 22, 2002
Value:   $499,144

Permit status: Closed | Permit id: 01-03744
2002/03/224991449567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
Historical
Date:  January 31, 2001
Value:   $6,000

Permit status: Closed | Permit id: 00-05151
2001/01/3160009567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
Commercial
Date:  March 4, 2004
Value:   $23,368

Permit status: Issued | Permit id: 04-00975
2004/03/04233689567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
SCORE
100
Installing mini split system in basement space, (2) 90 btu indoor units and (1) 18,0 btu outdoor unit
Date:  March 31, 2016

Client: Center For Craft, Creativity & Design | Permit type: Com: mechanical | Permit status: Finaled | Current use: Commercial | Permit id: 16-03372 | Parcel: 104629
2016/03/31010067 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801A And E Mechanical Service Llc
SCORE
89
Comment date: thu mar 04 00:00: est 2004 - commercial reroof -65 broadway vacant building-shares address with 67 broadway;scc; comment date: thu mar 04 00:00: est 2004 - building s
Date:  July 22, 2015
Value:   $23,368

Client: Reroof 65 Broadway | Permit type: Com: reroof | Permit status: Expired | Current use: Commercial | Permit id: 04-00975 | Parcel: 9163
2015/07/22233688967 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801Stroup Sheet Metal Works Inc
SCORE
95
Comment date: thu jan 24 00:00: est 2002 - pulleyn repairs to elevator shaft & machine room; comment date: mon jan 28 00:00: est 2002 - building safety review comments the approved plans with
Date:  September 29, 2015
Value:   $1,700

Client: Pulleyn Repairs | Permit type: Com: remodel | Permit status: Expired | Current use: Commercial | Permit id: 02-00321 | Parcel: 9163
2015/09/2917009567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801Rpf Construction Inc
Lark book remodel:; architect has called and left message that cost is over 50% for zoning zoning permit required. Pmd; recd zoning permit application and site plans. Pmd p&z#01-1094; recd additional information;cah; issued by sb.; see comments. Primary fire district restrictions apply. ; call harry taylor for building inspection at redacted phone number all subcontractors shall contact building safety (redacted phone number) to activate electrical, plumbing & mechanical permits.; >>>>fire prevention comments<<<< inspections must be requested between 8:00am to 9:30am and 4:00pm to 4:30pm call tom eggers for fire inspection at redacted phone number minimum 2a10bc fire extinguisher; check life safety items at final inspection; emergency lighting required if open past 6 pm; call for final inspection.; amendment previous approved.; amendment previously approved. Submitted twi
Date:  March 22, 2002

Permit type: Permits - historical | Permit status: Closed | Permit id: 01-03744 | Parcel: 9163
2002/03/2209567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
SCORE
86
Remove and replace 2 existing banners attached to building for cccd;
Date:  November 5, 2014

Client: Cccd Properties | Permit type: Stand alone sign | Permit status: Issued | Current use: Sign | Permit id: 14-13121 | Parcel: 104629
2014/11/0508667 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801Henco Reprographics
SCORE
100
New fire sprinklers installed on 1st floor and basment areas for the cent for craft creativity & design; ref 16-00341 for fire alarm work; rec amendment revised fire spirnkler plans;sls; rec lien agent designation. (kla)
Date:  June 2, 2016

Client: The Center For Craft Creativity & Design | Permit type: Sprinkler sys. | Permit status: Finaled | Current use: Fire | Permit id: 16-00808 | Parcel: 104629
2016/06/02010067 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801Diboco Fire Sprinklers Inc
SCORE
95
Add stairs to roof for elevator equipment access. 59 broadway st.; this certificate of occupancy issued to 67 dup broadway st for rpf const co. (stair to roof) ht; bilding: call harry taylor for building inspection at redacted phone number all subcontractors shall contact building safety (redacted phone number) to activate electrical, plumbing & mechanical permits. Contractor shall coordinate work with field inspector.; wnc air pollution approved by mike matthews recd fax; >>>>fire prevention comments<<<< inspections must be requested between 8:00am to 9:30am and 4:00pm to 4:30pm call tom eggers for fire inspection at redacted phone number; approved for downtown design review
Date:  January 31, 2001
Value:   $6,000

Client: Pulleyn Stairs | Permit type: Permits - historical | Permit status: Closed | Current use: Historical | Permit id: 00-05151 | Parcel: 9163
2001/01/3160009567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801Rpf Construction Inc
SCORE
100
Lark book remodel:; comment date: tue sep 04 00:00: edt 2001 - architect has called and left message that cost is over 50% for zoning zoning permit required.
Date:  March 22, 2002
Value:   $499,144
Contractor: R And W Inc

Client: Lark Book | Permit type: Permits - historical | Permit status: Closed | Current use: Historical | Permit id: 01-03744 | Parcel: 9163
2002/03/2249914410067 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801R And W Inc
SCORE
93
Remove existing simplex panel (fire alarm) and replace with new for center for craft, creativity design; rec amendment, fire alarm system expansion to accomodate a new sprinkler and pre-action system; add connections for all new flow and tamper switches; add (18) smoke detectors for pre-action release. Adc.; rec fire alarm plans for amendment submitted on 1-27-16
Date:  June 2, 2016

Client: Center For Craft, Creativity & Design | Permit type: Fire alarm | Permit status: Finaled | Current use: Fire | Permit id: 16-00341 | Parcel: 104629
2016/06/0209367 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801Simplex Grinnell Lp Dist 213
SCORE
98
Comment date: fri aug 31 00:00: edt 2001 - lark book remodel:; comment date: tue sep 04 00:00: edt 2001 - architect has called and left message that cost is over 50% for zoning zoning permit required.
Date:  March 22, 2002
Value:   $499,144
Contractor: Hills Plumbing

Client: Lark Book | Permit type: Permits - historical | Permit status: Closed | Current use: Historical | Permit id: 01-03744 | Parcel: 9163
2002/03/224991449867 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801Hills Plumbing
Saturday october 22, 2016 from 1-3pm with (5) 30"x72" folding banquet tables, (1) 30" wide x96" long coffee push cart, and electrical outlet on building use for music system
Date:  September 21, 2016

Client: Fix It In 15: Bike Repair Clinics | Permit type: Event-temporary use | Permit status: Issued | Current use: Event-temporary use | Permit id: 16-09734 | Parcel: 104629
2016/09/2109567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
SCORE
56
Misc. Repair for cccd group, llc to remove glue from interior concrete floor
Date:  July 8, 2014
Contractor: Prime Grind Inc

Client: Cccd Group, Llc | Permit type: Com: remodel | Permit status: Expired | Current use: Commercial | Permit id: 14-09471 | Parcel: 104629
2014/07/0805667 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801Prime Grind Inc
SCORE
100
Comment date: fri aug 31 00:00: edt 2001 - lark book remodel:; comment date: tue sep 04 00:00: edt 2001 - architect has called and left message that cost is over 50% for zoning zoning permit required.
Date:  March 22, 2002
Value:   $499,144

Client: Lark Book | Permit type: Permits - historical | Permit status: Closed | Current use: Historical | Permit id: 01-03744 | Parcel: 9163
2002/03/2249914410067 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801Barlow Electrical Service
Renovations to 2nd floor and roof.
Date:  November 11, 2016

Permit type: Early assistance | Permit status: Closed | Current use: Project inquiry | Permit id: 16-10698s | Parcel: 104629
2016/11/1109567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
Renovation of the 2nd floor, 2nd floor mezzanine, and creation of a new roof terrace (3rd floor).
Date:  October 7, 2016

Permit type: Early assistance | Permit status: Closed | Current use: Project inquiry | Permit id: 16-10109s | Parcel: 9163
2016/10/0709567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
SCORE
95
Comment date: fri aug 31 00:00: edt 2001 - lark book remodel:; comment date: tue sep 04 00:00: edt 2001 - architect has called and left message that cost is over 50% for zoning zoning permit required.
Date:  March 22, 2002
Value:   $499,144

Client: Lark Book | Permit type: Permits - historical | Permit status: Closed | Current use: Historical | Permit id: 01-03744 | Parcel: 9163
2002/03/224991449567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801Rpf Construction Inc
SCORE
65
Center for craft,creativity & design-tco issued for days stocking and training
Date:  January 10, 2014
Contractor: Black Hawk Inc

Client: Center For Craft,Creativi | Permit type: Tco | Permit status: Tco issued | Current use: Over the counter | Permit id: 14-00357 | Parcel: 9163
2014/01/1006567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801Black Hawk Inc
Event downtown digital to showcase of digital media artists in a drop in event april 16, 2015 5:00pm 11:00pm with sound system projector verify fees required i have listed the minimum fee for building fire and zoning but need tohave verification if required if required will need to invoice; full price. Let me know and ill pay online. From: sheila salyer sent: thursday, march 26, 2015 1:12 pm to: nathan pennington; jon fillman; alisha carroll cc: susannah carver subject: re: private property event - downtown digital (4. 16. 15) i have created a building and fire step too. I was not sure about the fees?? From: nathan pennington sent: thursday, march 26, 2015 12:53 pm to: sheila salyer; jon fillman; alisha carroll cc: susannah carver subject: re: private property event - downtown digital (4. 16. 15) zoning is ok with jon processing this one for us. This is a unique site and this is an event sponsored by the downtown merchants association. Nathan pennington, cfm plan review coordinator (828) r
Date:  January 11, 2016

Permit type: Event-temporary use | Permit status: Expired | Permit id: 15-03900 | Parcel: 104629
2016/01/1109567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
Open flame for jewerly demonstration, august 14-22, 2015 from 10am-6pm for the center for craft, creativity, and design. Adc.
Date:  August 15, 2015

Permit type: Fire: operational | Permit status: Finaled | Permit id: 15-10555 | Parcel: 104629
2015/08/1509567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801
SCORE
100
Ok to issue electrical permit per scc ----original message----- from: barb [mailto:bldh@live. Com] sent: friday, march 18, 2016 1: pm to: amy tesner cc: ashley mobile electric; chris teague; mike marcus subject: help! Still problems ! Re: mechanical permit importance: high hi amy, thank you for issuing the mechanical permit for the cccd job. I have gone online and paid for it. But we still have a problem, i just spoke with ashley talsky with ashley mobile electric and he said the electrical permit for hooking up the mini-splits is not on his account. He tried to apply for it again and he is being blocked by all the open permits. I originally sent you the electrical permit application (i have attached it again) with the mechanical permit application on 3/16. Can you please issue the electrical permit for this job so we can get it paid for? My e-mail address is bldh@live. Com and ashleys e-mail is ashleymobileelectric@yahoo. Com, please let us both know when it is issued. Thanks for all your
Date:  March 31, 2016

Client: Center For Craft, Creativity & Design | Permit type: Com: electrical | Permit status: Finaled | Current use: Commercial | Permit id: 16-03386 | Parcel: 104629
2016/03/31010067 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801Ashley Mobile Electric
SCORE
86
Fire prevention
Date:  October 1, 2015

Permit status: Finaled | Permit id: 14-13123 | Parcel: 104629
2015/10/0108667 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801Henco Reprographics
SCORE
65
July 9, 2013 3:13:57 pm heatherr. Alteration with occupancy for center for craft,creativity & design with 1st floor interior remodel; har; august 8, 2013 1:56:17 pm scarver. Amendment rec. Response to review comments;scc; august 21, 2013 11:08:55 am ssalyer. Rec amendment, revised building p m eplans;sls august 21, 2013 2:15:12 pm heatherr. Rec. Encroachment agreement and sent up to james boone & david foster;har; september 3, 2013 9:42:47 am heatherr. Rec. Amendment for fire alarm with plans; har; july 9, 2013 3:19:05 pm heatherr. Will need this form; har; july 9, 2013 3:25:03 pm heatherr. Will need closing docs; har; july 9, 2013 5:41:34 pm heatherr. Will need to verify state license is up to date, website down; har; july 11, 2013 11:41: am heatherr. Msd fees = 400; august 8, 2013 1:56:17 pm scarver. Amendment rec. Response to review comments;scc; august 8, 2013 1:56:17 pm scarver. Amendment rec. Response to review comments;scc; august 8, 2013 1:56:17 pm scarver. Amendment rec. Respo
Date:  January 23, 2014
Value:   $219,500
Contractor: Black Hawk Inc

Client: Center For Craft,Creativi | Permit type: Com: remodel | Permit status: Co issued | Current use: Commercial | Permit id: 13-04156 | Parcel: 9163
2014/01/232195006567 Broadway St, Asheville, Nc 28801Black Hawk Inc
BEST LOCAL CONTRACTORS




Contractor Rank Contractor Details Number of Projects Avg. Project Cost Years in Business Photos
Need a Contractor ?
Just fill out a form below and get several free quotes from best local contractors in your area.